The History of the Ashikaga Shogunate

Between 1336 and 1573, the Ashikaga Shogunate ruled Japan. However, it was not a strong central governing force, and in fact, the Ashikaga Bakufu witnessed the rise of powerful daimyo all around the country. These regional lords reigned over their domains with very little interference or influence from the shogun in Kyoto.   The Beginning of Ashikaga Rule The first century of Ashikaga rule is distinguished by a flowering of culture and the arts, including Noh drama, as well as the popularization of Zen Buddhism. By the later Ashikaga period, Japan had descended into the chaos of the Sengoku period, with different daimyo battling one another for territory and power in a century-long civil war. The roots of Ashikaga power go back even before the Kamakura period (1185 - 1334), which preceded the Ashikaga shogunate. During the Kamakura era, Japan was ruled by a branch of the ancient Taira clan, which lost the Genpei War (1180 - 1185) to the Minamoto clan, but managed to seize power anyway. The Ashikaga, in turn, was a branch of the Minamoto clan. In 1336, Ashikaga Takauji overthrew the Kamakura shogunate, in effect defeating the Taira once more and returning the Minamoto to power. Ashikaga got his chance in large part thanks to Kublai Khan, the Mongol emperor who founded the Yuan Dynasty in China. Kublai Khans two invasions of Japan, in 1274 and 1281, did not succeed thanks to the miracle of the kamikaze, but they did significantly weaken the Kamakura shogunate. Public dissatisfaction with Kamakura rule gave the Ashikaga clan its chance to overthrow the shogun  and seize power.   In 1336, Ashikaga Takauji established his own shogunate in Kyoto. The Ashikaga Shogunate is also sometimes known as the Muromachi shogunate  because the shoguns palace was in the Muromachi district of Kyoto. From the start, Ashikaga rule was bedeviled by controversy. A disagreement with the Emperor, Go-Daigo, about who would actually have power, led to the emperor being deposed in favor of the Emperor Komyo. Go-Daigo fled south and set up his own rival imperial court. The period between 1336 and 1392 is known as the Northern and Southern Courts era  because Japan had two emperors at the same time. In terms of international relations, the Ashikaga shoguns sent frequent diplomatic and trade missions to Joseon Korea, and also used the daimyo of Tsushima Island as an intermediary. Ashikaga letters were addressed to the king of Korea from the king of Japan, indicating an equal relationship. Japan also carried on an active trade relationship with Ming China, once the Mongol Yuan Dynasty was overthrown in 1368. Chinas Confucian distaste for trade dictated that they disguise the trade as tribute coming from Japan, in exchange for gifts from the Chinese emperor. Both Ashikaga Japan and Joseon Korea established this tributary relationship with Ming China. Japan also traded with Southeast Asia, sending copper, swords, and furs in exchange for exotic woods and spices. The Ashikaga Dynasty Overthrown At home, however, the Ashikaga shoguns were weak.  The clan did not have a large home domain of its own, so it lacked the wealth and power of the Kamakura or the later Tokugawa shoguns. The lasting influence of the Ashikaga era is in the arts and culture of Japan.   During this period, the samurai class enthusiastically embraced Zen Buddhism, which had been imported from China as early as the seventh century. The military elites developed an entire aesthetic based on Zen ideas about beauty, nature, simplicity, and utility. Arts including the tea ceremony, painting, garden design, architecture and interior design, floral arranging, poetry, and Noh theater all developed along Zen lines.   In 1467, the decade-long Onin War broke out. It soon escalated into a nation-wide civil war, with various daimyo fighting for the privilege of naming the next heir to the Ashikaga shogunal throne. Japan erupted into factional fighting; the imperial and shogunal capital of Kyoto burned. The Onin War marked the beginning of the Sengoku, a 100-year period of continual civil war and turmoil. The Ashikaga nominally held onto power until 1573, when warlord Oda Nobunaga overthrew the last shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiaki.  However, Ashikaga power really ended with the start of the Onin War.

Sociology and Anticipatory Socialization - 849 Words

Dayana’s Group Case Study The Church Search 1.) How have Marsha’s experiences so far represented aspects of the anticipatory socialization process? Is it also possible to consider anticipatory socialization from the point of view of the church searching for a new pastor? What does anticipatory socialization look like from the organization’s point of view? * There are a couple experiences Marsha went through so far that represent aspects of the anticipatory socialization process. The first is when she is in her living room reading through the profiles of churches, when she stubbles upon Nancy’s church she knew their values and mission matched her commitments. That’s where she got a general idea of Nancy’s congregation.†¦show more content†¦* There are no specific steps to help her â€Å"make sense† of the new church but Marsha can use the newcomer information-seeking tactics and the church be supportive with her questioning. With the congregation helping Marsha with here questions and concerns she can get into routine where she starts to feel as an insider. 4.) A pastor’s role is one in which the â€Å"supervisor† could be seen as the congregation. How could the leader-member exchange model be adapted to account for these kinds of organizational positions? * The role routinization phase there would be a little adaptation to the in-group stage for organizational positions like a pastor. The in-group would be characterized by high trust where the congregation has trust for on another. High influence due to â€Å"what the people want† with the majority of superiority through the people of the congregation, might lead to an out numbering with decisions. Mutual rewards, high rewards coming from morality with having the ability to spread the â€Å"word of god†, and the community itself and the low rewards would come from the church isn’t built to turn a profit. 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Short-Run Shut Down Decision

Question: Discuss about the Short-Run Shut Down Decision. Answer: Introduction: In the short run at least one factor of production is fixed while others are variable in the production process. If the market price for goods falls below average total cost for example due to cheaper substitute the firm faces several alternative decisions. Costs influence the shut-down decisions since the firms total fixed costs will still be incurred regardless of the level of production a firm may opt not to shut-down if demand for its products and loss incurred in production is lower than total fixed costs. In the long run as other firms shut down the firm anticipates an increase in the demand for its product which eventually returns the firms profit maximizing position where marginal revenue equals marginal cost (Hall Lieberman, 2012; Wang Yang, 2001). However, if the total loss of production is greater than total fixed costs the firm ought to shut-down to minimize economic losses. References Hall, R. E., Lieberman, M. (2012). Microeconomics: Principles and applications. Cengage Learning. Wang, X. H., Yang, B. Z. (2001). Fixed and sunk costs revisited. The Journal of Economic Education, 32(2), 178185.

Bruce Dawe Essays - Bruce Dawe, Dawe, , Term Papers

Bruce Dawe Homo Suburbiensis, Drifter's and Life-Cycle, Bruce Dawe, a well renowned Australian poet was born in 1930 in Geelong. Who was once portrayed as "an ordinary bloke with a difference". Bruce Dawe writes about ordinary Australian people in the suburbs confronting their everyday problems. He observes and records the sorrow and hardships of average people struggling to survive back in the 1940's. Mr Dawe emphasises his views by composing three of his great simple poems Home Suburbiensis, Drifters and my favourite Life-Cycle. Poem "Homo suburbiensis"-Latin term for humans that live in the suburbs. The poem shows a classical suburban household set on a quarter-acre block with a flower garden and lawn in front and a vegetable garden (lawn) at the back. Dawe maintains that there is one constant value in a unstable world where politics play a major role. The man is a suburban householder standing alone in his backyard on a quiet evening among his vegetables. Dawe's captures humorous terms like it's "not much but it's all we've got." The imagery suggests that Dawe is both celebrating suburbia, while in some ways puts down the suburban householders dreams: The rich smell of "compost" and "rubbish". The space taken vastly by overcrowds dry land with drying plants represent the overcrowding of suburbia. His thoughts are lost escaping the pressures that comes with life. The traffic unescapable to his mind. Dawe shows a sympathetic look towards this person "lost in a green confusion", as even in the retreat of his backyard he still cannot escape the lifestyle of suburbs. This is a good example of an ordinary life, as this particular person needs to escape the pressures, which highlight "TIME, PAIN, LOVE, HATE, AGE, EMOTION, and LAUGHTER". All which are present and Dawe makes that aware of an "ordinary life". Being achieved in his back yard. Dawe proposes that ordinary lifestyles are not just eat, work, sleep but the strains people have to face everyday. He goes into depths of people's lives and makes their problems obvious to the readers. Dawe faces people's problems that is not bought up everyday and are ignored Another poem in which Bruce Dawe tackles the issue of ordinary people was "Drifter's" this poem represents family who move from place to place, as the father needs to move by the demand of his job. The young children are growing up to learn no other way of life, as they are all waiting for the day they shall move again. The children get very excited about moving from place to place "and the kids will yell truly". The eldest, she is seeing what she is missing out on and is becoming aware that there roaming lives may never change "the oldest girl is close to tears because she was happy here". She realises she can not lead a normal teenage life as she is not stationed long enough, to become friends with people her own age. She is becoming frustrated with her life. From the above Dawe shows compassion for the wife, as she has to go through this more than once " she won't even ask why they're leaving this time". In addition, the young children are going to grow up to realise they will too go through the same thing. Dawe also shows a serious side in the poem, as the mother just wants to settle down and have a peaceful future. Dawe has a sympathetic outlook towards the mother, by outlining her hopes and dreams, also asking her husband Tom to make a wish in the last line of the poem "Make a wish, Tom, make a wish.' The ten-verse poem"life- cycle" was probably the best known poem that Dawe wrote it foresees the football fans in Victoria it describes the poem as "something like a religious believe and salvation" This poem is based on Australian invention of Aussie Rules Football. It confirm football is portrayed as a religion and food for many people in Victoria "hot pies and potato-crisps they will eat". It also shows football sustains the young and replenishes the old. Its tradition is life sustaining with no other thing better to do than support football. The poet uses the language of football freely " barracking...carn...streamers ...scarfed... Demons... saints...ladder... final term ...three- quarter-time". The slang that he uses is very catchy and easy to understand what he went to say to the readers. Dawe's manner is ever so slightly disrespectful but gently so. He respects the strength of football' life and the life sustaining qualities it offers. The point

Summary of English Essay Source With thesis †English 200 Course

Summary of English Essay Source With thesis – English 200 Course Free Online Research Papers Summary of English Essay Source With thesis English 200 Course In his article â€Å"So That Nobody Has To Go To School,† Roger Sipher blames students that have no will to learn for the declining quality of American students and the education system. As a solution to this problem, he offers the notion of abolishing all mandatory-attendance laws in order to allow students to drop out if they feel like doing so. Also, teachers would be able to dismiss students with academic or behavioral problems, much like private school teachers. Once schools are rid of students that hamper the progress of classrooms, schools would be able to focus on maintaining high standards of education, instead of babysitting. In addition, he thinks that the money saved from not having to enforce mandatory-attendance laws could be used to help out the students who drop out of school. Analysis Sipher says that economists find no benefits of mandatory-attendance laws, and schools usually don’t have enough resources to enforce these laws anyway. He implies that school officials are trying to do something about students that don’t come to school or are a hindrance to classes, resulting in shoddy education. He continues to say that without mandatory-attendance laws, school officials can dismiss students much like private schools, or students can drop out if they want to. He says we have tried long enough to deal with these types of students, and tries to support his notions with the idiom â€Å"You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make him drink.† Sipher includes six of what he calls â€Å"enormous dividends† that we can have if we abolish compulsory attendance laws. Essentially, he wants schools to educate, and educate only- not â€Å"trying to be all things to all people.† My point of view I disagree with Sipher on his general view, because I feel all American children should be in school, or at a chance to try to go to school. He does not show evidence for the decline in test scores, which I think is an important part of education, but it’s not everything. True, that the general quality of education will probably improve, but what about the quality of the general population? Without mandatory-attendance laws, I’m sure that a good part of the students will drop out of school. Sure, the students that stayed in school will have a better education, but the general population will become mostly illiterate. His idea for using the money saved from not having to enforce attendance laws also sounds a little weird. It’s almost like a welfare program for the less apt students, and is demeaning to them. I think it’s unethical, because it makes them outcasts. Remedial classes are a lot better than that. Research Papers on Summary of English Essay Source With thesis - English 200 CourseStandardized TestingHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoPETSTEL analysis of IndiaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenResearch Process Part One19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Improving Female Preventive Health Care Delivery through Practice Essay

Improving Female Preventive Health Care Delivery through Practice Change., (article review) - Essay Example 401). The authors noted however that despite the reduced or no cost access to the program, â€Å"the level breast and cervical cancer screening falls short of the ideal† (Backer et al., 2005, p. 401). As a result, the program was examined using the GAPs model with GAPS standing for â€Å"goal-setting, assessing existing routines, planning the modification of routines, and providing support for these improvements† (Backer et al., 2005, p. 402). The authors described the study as multi-method: a qualitative study design was used to describe the process of changes that took place in the implementation of the program while quantitative audits on mammogram and Papanicolaou test data were used to measure the success that was assumed to be related with the practice. The data that was used to assess the program involved observational field notes, audio-taped interviews with physicians and key staff, and chart reviews of the last female patients from 19 to 64 found in the clinic . Backer et al. (2005) led respondents to identify potential reforms in the EWM that can improve screening rates and advance key reforms that must be instituted in the program. Respondents identified several initiatives that may improve screening rates. ... Thirdly, it was suggested that the patient educational materials be more readily available. Fourthly, it was raised that the program creates a monthly computer-generated reminders for patients needing screening. Fifthly, it was proposed that a reminder system for patients be designed. Sixthly, it was recommended that a common fact sheet for all health providers be used. Finally, the recommendations were forwarded to increase the accessibility of the patient educational materials. Although these are the most practical recommendations of the research activity reported by Backer et al. (2005) in the discussion section of their papers, the authors focused on the theoretical aspects of their research initiative. In particular, Backer et al. (2005) stressed that their findings â€Å"support the concept of practices as unique, complex organizational systems† which may be hardly immediately relevant for the immediate and more important concern of improving clinical or public health st rategies; improving strategies and service delivery to promote preventive breast and cervical cancer screening. One important insight discussed in the discussion section of their research is that most practices are sometimes unable to institute change because of inertia. In other words, what is currently practiced tends to be perpetuated as practitioners tend to resist the movement to change: without friction, a body at rest tends to be rest while a body in motion tends to be in motion. However, a systems change model such as the GAPS can promote vigilance for systems change (Backer et al., 2005). II. Recommendations for Improving Every Woman Matters Program On reviewing the material of Backer et al. (2005), it is easy to see where the EWM program was probably weak. Firstly, while the

Resume Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Resume - Essay Example Passed the English Language course (first level) held at Al Khaleej Institute (Direct English) under the supervision of the Ministry of Education, General Department of Education in Riyadh with a grade A+ (excellent) and GPA 95% (22/4/2007-6/6/2007) Passed the Communication Disorders Course for Preparing Communication Specialists held at Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University in Riyadh over duration of 60 hours long in one month from 2/5/2010, with a general grade A+ (excellent) Completed a training program entitled â€Å"Arabic Calligraphy (Riq’a)† over duration of 12-hours long held at the Educational Training Center of the General Department of Education in Riyadh under the supervision of the Ministry of Education (24/1/2011-27/1/2011) Completed a training program entitled â€Å"Strategy of Concept Maps† over duration of 12-hours long held at the Educational Training Center of the General Department of Education in Riyadh under the supervision of the Ministry of Education (17/1/2011-20/1/2011) Completed a training program entitled â€Å"Behavior Modification† over duration of 12-hours long held at the Educational Training Center of the General Department of Education in Riyadh under the supervision of the Ministry of Education (10/1/2011-13/1/2011) Completed a training program entitled â€Å"Student Activities’ Guide for Primary Stage† over duration of 8-hours long held at the Educational Training Center of the General Department of Education in Riyadh under the supervision of the Ministry of Education (27/12/2010-28/2/2010) Accomplished a training program entitled â€Å"Court and its Applications in Education (2)† over duration of 12-hours long held at the Educational Training Center of the General Department of Education in Riyadh under the supervision of the Ministry of Education (19/12/2010-22/12/2010) Accomplished a